Kurt Lewin’s change model has three stages: unfreeze (prepare a group to change), change (transition to a new way of working), freeze (sustainably embed the new ways of working). The model is old, but we can still learn from it.
Summary by The World of Work Project
Kurt Lewin’s Three Stage Model of Organizational Change
Kurt Lewin’s change model has three stages.
These three stages are: unfreeze (prepare a group to change), change (transition to a new way of working), and freeze (sustainably embed the new ways of working).
The model is old, but we can still learn a lot from it, and it is charming in part because of its simplicity.
Stage 1: Unfreeze
Stage one of Kurt’s model says that before we introduce a change, we need to help the people who will experience the change prepare for it. This can be done by increasing their knowledge, capability, motivation, understanding or even emotional preparation and wellbeing.
Stage 2: Change
Once people are ready for change, Kurt moves to stage two, the change itself. Here people transition to new ways of being or doing things. People transition at their own pace, potentially following a change curve. Most people benefit from coaching and other forms of support in the change phase.
Stage 3: Freeze
The last stage of Kurt’s model is “Freeze”. In this stage people embed their new ways of working or being, making them routine and lasting.
Leading change in line with Lewin’s 3 stage model
Leaders have a role to play in each stage of Lewin’s three stage model of change.
Stage 1: Unfreeze
Leaders can help those who are about to experience change prepare for it by: explaining the need, listening to them, explaining what the future might look like, investing in their wellbeing, investing in their skills and capabilities, building their confidence, helping them feel part of a team and by helping them let go of their current ways of being.
Stage 2: Change
Leaders can help those who are transitioning to new ways of being or doing things by supporting them through the change curve. This may involve listening to them, acknowledging their feelings, helping them explore new ways of doing things, helping them try again when they fail at things and building their confidence as they develop.
Stage 3: Freeze
Leaders have a role to play in sustaining changes and making sure they really stick. This may involve continuing to celebrate success relating to ways of working, reinforcing positive behaviors and actions, coaching for continued behaviors, creating routines to help sustain behaviors and building ways of working into culture.
Criticisms of the model
Some people currently deride the last stage of this model, arguing that in the modern world the pace of change is so fast that there’s no time to freeze.
This might miss the point though. It’s very possible to “freeze” one set of changes, particularly relating to the self, while continuing to work on other changes. That said, staying in a place of being generally “unfrozen” and ready for change is certainly helpful in the current, fast-changing world we live in.
Learning More
Organizations often seek to change and improve, and often use organizational development programs to do so. There are many models that seek to explain how change in organizations happens.
You can learn more about organizational change in our early podcast on the subject:
The World of Work Project View
We think that Kurt Lewin is one of the most interesting contributors to the world of work and like nearly everything he has done. This model is no exception. In many ways we actually prefer this model to many of the more recent and more comprehensive models that exist.
The simplicity and humanity of this model makes it an excellent starting point for anyone interested in actually investing the time and effort to achieve lasting, effective, people based change. Unfortunately, this type of change takes time, something many people don’t feel they have.
We do acknowledge though that this model is fairly loose and is not prescriptive, which makes it hard to just pick up and use to deliver change in your organization.
How We Help Organizations
We provide leadership development programmes and consulting services to clients around the world to help them become high performing organizations that are great places to work. We receive great feedback, build meaningful and lasting relationships and provide reduced cost services where price is a barrier.
Learning more about who we are and what we do it easy: To hear from us, please join our mailing list. To ask about how we can help you or your organization, please contact us. To explore topics we care about, listen to our podcast. To attend a free seminar, please check out our eventbrite page.
We’re also considering creating a community for people interested in improving the world of work. If you’d like to be part of it, please contact us.
Sources and Feedback
The contents of this post have been based on interpretations of Kurt Lewin’s original work. There are many of these on the internet. In addition, Edgar Schein has also published some reflections on this topic that may be of interest you. See “Kurt Lewin’s change theory in the field and in the classroom: Notes toward a model of managed learning”.
We’re a small organization who know we make mistakes and want to improve them. Please contact us with any feedback you have on this post. We’ll usually reply within 72 hours.
